Slice and season the chicken. Cut chicken into bite-size pieces. Season with salt, pepper, garlic powder, and paprika.
Cook the chicken until golden. Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Cook chicken in a single layer (work in batches if needed) until browned and cooked through. Transfer to a plate.
Cook the pasta in the same pan. Add bowtie pasta to the skillet. Pour in chicken broth. Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce to a simmer.
Simmer until tender. Cook, stirring occasionally, until the pasta is al dente and most of the liquid is absorbed (usually 10–12 minutes, depending on pasta).
Make the cowboy butter lemon sauce. Lower heat to medium-low. Add butter and minced garlic. Stir for about 30–60 seconds, just until fragrant. Add lemon zest (if using), lemon juice, Parmesan, and red pepper flakes (if using).
Make it creamy (if desired). Stir in heavy cream for a richer sauce. If the sauce looks too thick, loosen with a splash of water or extra broth.
Combine and finish. Add the cooked chicken back to the pan. Stir in parsley and any add-ins like spinach (until wilted) or tomatoes (until warmed).
Serve right away. Taste and adjust salt, pepper, and lemon to your preference. Serve hot for the best texture.